Occupational licensing · education requirements

Which licenses demand the most training?

Averages drawn from every reporting state, not a hand-picked list. Compare apprenticeship and clinical paths before treating two reported hour totals as the same kind of training.

Professions ranked
10
Highest average
5,919 hrs
Requirement records
4,947
Data vintage
2026-05-15
What the data actually shows: the top 10 is not a healthcare sweep. 4 of the top 10 slots go to skilled trades (electrician, plumber, elevator installer) whose apprenticeship-style licensing counts cumulative classroom-plus-on-the-job hours over several years, which lands them alongside 6 healthcare/mental-health/animal-care professions with doctoral-style academic + clinical training. Reported hours are not directly comparable across licensing models, an apprenticeship hour and a supervised-clinical-practice hour are counted the same way in the underlying state data, but they are not the same kind of training.

Top 10 by pre-licensure education hours

Average hours required across reporting states

  1. 1
    Psychologist 5,919 hrs
    Mental Health
  2. 2
    Electrician 5,837 hrs
    Construction
  3. 3
    Elevator Installer 5,837 hrs
    Construction
  4. 4
    Plumber 5,837 hrs
    Construction
  5. 5
    Veterinarian 4,919 hrs
    Animal Care
  6. 6
    Pharmacist 4,689 hrs
    Healthcare
  7. 7
    Optometrist 4,459 hrs
    Healthcare
  8. 8
    HVAC Technician 3,837 hrs
    Construction
  9. 9
    Healthcare
  10. 10
    Mental Health

Source NCSL Occupational Licensing Database and Institute for Justice License to Work, 3rd Edition (2022) · 2026-05-15

The bar to make this top 10

Where the cutoff sits among all professions with reported education-hour data

3,459 Top 19% higher than 81% of 47 professions

professions with reported education-hour data, bucketed by value

Each bar is a band; taller bars hold more professions. The dashed line + filled bar mark this entry. Hover or tap any bar for its full count and share, and where it sits relative to this entry.

Source NCSL Occupational Licensing Database · 2026-05-15

# Profession CategoryAvg. HoursRangeStates Reporting
1 Psychologist Mental Health 5,919 5,000–6,973 51
2 Electrician Construction 5,837 4,000–7,946 51
3 Elevator Installer Construction 5,837 4,000–7,946 51
4 Plumber Construction 5,837 4,000–7,946 51
5 Veterinarian Animal Care 4,919 4,000–5,973 51
6 Pharmacist Healthcare 4,689 4,000–5,480 51
7 Optometrist Healthcare 4,459 4,000–4,986 51
8 HVAC Technician Construction 3,837 2,000–5,946 51
9 Physician Assistant Healthcare 3,689 3,000–4,480 51
10 Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) Mental Health 3,459 3,000–3,986 51

Methodology Notes

Averages are computed live by grouping every state-profession requirement record with a non-null education-hours figure by profession, then averaging within each profession. The range column shows the lowest and highest state-reported figure for that profession; large ranges usually reflect states that count differently (for example, whether a degree program's total credit hours are converted 1:1 into "education hours" or only clinical/apprenticeship hours are counted). This ranking reflects hours as currently recorded in our database and does not distinguish classroom hours from supervised on-the-job or apprenticeship hours, both are summed under a single figure per state.

Caveats and Limitations

Reported hours exclude post-licensure continuing education and can differ in how a state's licensing board defines a countable "hour." Some professions license under different names in different states, and some states report a range or a degree requirement rather than a granular hour count, in those cases the requirement record uses the board's own stated figure. Users should verify current requirements with the relevant state licensing board before relying on a specific number. See the full profession directory for state-by-state detail.

Every figure on PlainCredential is rendered directly from NCSL and state occupational- licensing board data, no number is typed in by an editor. This page draws directly on PlainCredential's own licensing-requirements database, no figure is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.